input
In language learning, the input is what the learner hears and reads in the target language. Learners need to be exposed to very large amounts of language input. Stephen Krashen has argued that learners need only suitable input to learn languages. However, research now shows that they also need to speak and write (that is, produce language output ), and to receive some formal instruction in order to achieve the highest levels of language proficiency. (See also enhanced input .)
